Preface to
Video Compression Demystified
Foreword
to Video Compression (1998)
Preface
to Video Compression (1998)
Acknowledgments
Chapter
1. What Is Compression?
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Information and Data
1.3 Information Reduction
1.4 Lossless Compression
1.4.1 Run length encoding
1.4.2 Entropy encoding
1.5 Lossy Compression
1.6 Image Compression Standards
1.7 Symmetric and Asymmetric Systems
1.8 Why Do I Care?
1.9 Organization of the Book
Chapter
2. An Introduction to Images
2.1 Things We Need to Know about Video
2.2 Video or Computer Graphics?
2.3 Sampling and Quantization
2.4 Sampling Rate and Aliasing
2.5 One-Dimensional Sampling
2.6 Two-Dimensional Sampling
2.7 Temporal Sampling
Chapter
3. Entropy Coding
3.1 Entropy
3.2 Huffman Codes
3.2.1 Dangers of variable-length coding
3.2.2 Modified Huffman codes
3.3 Arithmetic Encoding
Chapter
4. Predictive Coding
4.1 Markov Sources
4.2 Differential Pulse Code Modulation
4.2.1 Predicting image values
4.2.2 Adaptive prediction
Chapter
5. Transforms
5.1 Defining Transforms
5.2 Time, Space, and Frequency Domains
5.3 Frequency and Spatial Frequency
5.4 The Discrete Cosine Transform
5.4.1 The Fourier approach to DCT
5.4.2 DCT in terms of basis functions
5.4.3 DCT as axis rotation
5.5 DCT Examples
5.6 DCT Failure
Chapter
6. Quantization
6.1 Mean Square Error
6.2 Types of Quantizer
6.2.1 Uniform scalar quantizer
6.2.2 Nonuniform scalar quantizers
6.2.3 The Lloyd-Max quantizer
6.2.4 Entropy-constrained quantizers
6.2.5 Vector quantization
6.3 Applications of Quantization
6.3.1 Direct image quantization
6.3.2 Quantization with predictive coding
Chapter
7. JPEG
7.1 The Origins of JPEG
7.2 Baseline JPEG
7.2.1 Image data encoding
7.3 JPEG Baseline Encoding and Decoding
7.3.1 Summary
7.3.2 DCT transform
7.3.3 Quantization
7.3.4 Scanning, descriptors, and entropy coding
7.3.5 Assembling the bit stream
7.3.6 Parsing the received bit stream
7.3.7 Recovering the quantized coefficients
7.3.8 Dequantization
7.3.9 Inverse DCT
7.3.10 Comparison
7.4 Examples of Baseline JPEG
7.5 JPEG Extensions
7.6 Motion JPEG
Chapter
8. Motion Compensation
8.1 Temporal Redundancy
8.2 Motion Aliasing
8.3 The Motion Compensation Approach
8.3.1 Static backgrounds
8.3.2 Motion vectors
8.4 Block Matching
8.4.1 Matching criteria
8.4.2 Optimum block size
8.5 Full-Search Block Matching
8.6 Hierarchical Block Matching
8.7 Residuals
8.8 Other Motion Estimators
8.8.1 Restricted search systems
8.8.2 Phase correlation motion estimation
Chapter
9. MPEG-1
9.1 Introduction
9.2 What MPEG Defines
9.3 Hierarchy and Terminology
9.4 Frame Types in MPEG
9.4.1 Intra frames (I-frames)
9.4.2 Non-intra frames (P-frames and B-frames)
9.5 MPEG Group of Pictures
9.6 Coding of Macroblocks
9.6.1 Intra coding of macroblocks
9.6.2 Non-intra coding of macroblocks
9.6.2.1 P-frames
9.7 Rate Control
9.8 The MPEG Encoder and Decoder
Chapter
10. MPEG-2
10.1 Introduction
10.2 MPEG-2 Enhancements
10.2.1 Color space
10.2.2 Slice structure
10.2.3 Quantization
10.2.4 Concealment motion vectors
10.2.5 3:2 pulldown
10.2.6 Pan and scan
10.3 MPEG-2 Profiles and Levels
10.4 Interlace Tools
10.4.1 Frame and field pictures
10.4.2 Frame and field DCT
10.4.3 Frame and field prediction
10.5 Scalable Coding Profiles
10.6 MPEG-2 System Layer
10.6.1 Packetized elementary stream
10.6.2 Program stream
10.6.3 Transport stream
10.7 Practicing the Art of MPEG
10.7.1 Contributors to poor performance
10.7.2 MPEG artifacts
10.7.3 Tips for higher quality
Chapter
11. MPEG-4
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Video in MPEG-4
11.2.1
MPEG-4 video hierarchy
11.2.2
Shape coding
11.2.3
Texture coding
11.2.4
Boundary coding
11.2.5
Coding of arbitrary-shaped video objects
11.2.6
Sprites
11.2.7
Static texture coding
11.2.8
Animations
11.2.9
Scalability
11.2.10
Advanced coding extensions
11.2.11
Visual profiles
11.3 Scene Composition & Interaction
11.3.1 Scene modeling
11.3.2 Interaction
11.4 Work in Progress
11.4.1 Studio profiles
11.4.2 Fine grain
scalability
11.5 Future Work
11.6 Conclusion &
Apology
Chapter 12. MPEG-7 & MPEG-21
12.1 MPEG-7
12.1.1 Introduction
12.1.2 Concepts of
MPEG-7
12.1.3 MPEG-7
terminology
12.1.4 MPEG-7
structure
12.1.5 MPEG-7 visual
12.1.6 Summary
12.2 MPEG-21
Chapter
13. Pro-MPEG & MPEG Operating Ranges
Chapter
14. DV Compression
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Basic concepts of
DV compression
14.3 Detailed
Description
14.3.1 25 Mbits/s compression
14.3.2 50 Mbits/s
compression
Chapter
15. Wavelets
15.1 Introduction
15.2 More About
Fourier Transforms
15.3 Concept of
Wavelets
15.4 Wavelets as
Filters
15.5 Wavelet
Compression
Chapter
16. JPEG2000
Chapter
17. Audio Compression
17.1 Basic Principles
17.2 Masking in Human Hearing
17.3 Simple Audio Compression Schemes
17.4 Quadrature Mirror Filters
17.5 Subband Coding
17.6 Bit Allocation
17.7 Transform Coding
17.8 Example Compression Systems
17.8.1 Audio compression in MPEG
17.8.2 Audio compression for ATSC
Chapter
18. Streaming Media
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Applications for
Streaming Media
18.3 Standards for
Streaming Media
Chapter
19. Closing Thoughts
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Fractal Compression
19.3 Statistical Multiplexing
19.4 Concatenated Compression Systems
19.5 Switching MPEG
19.5.1 The problem
19.5.2 The applications
19.5.3 Some solutions
19.6 Mezzanine Compression Systems
19.7 A Glance into the Future
Glossary
Bibliography
Internet
Resources
About
the CD-ROM
Index
